Management of Extravasation Injury in Infants: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials

Context: One of the common procedures in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is insertion a venous catheter, and one most important serious complications extravasation, which leading cause death hospitalized infants. Based on researcher’s experience NICU necessity extravasation injury management infants, this review study focused Methods: The literature was searched ProQuest, Scopus, PubMed databases using terms “extravasation” OR “vascular leakage” “Peripheral Infiltration” AND “Neonatal” “Newborn” “Infants” “NICU.” search procedure performed title, abstract, full text articles published English from 2000 to 2022. Results: In initial search, 3414 were extracted. After removing duplicates searching titles abstracts articles, 132 related found, their texts studied. Finally, 20 entered final analysis stage. Nine case report studies, five series three clinical trials, retrospective studies found. results showed that various treatment methods are available, including elevating limbs, pain relief, hot cold compresses, flush-out technique with saline, dressings (hydrocolloid, hydrogel, hydrocellular foam), medications (2% nitroglycerin ointment subcutaneous administration hyaluronidase phentolamine), new such as amniotic membranes, omega-3-rich fish skin (Kerecis), active leptospermum honey (ALH), PRP, surgical removal. Conclusions: Despite many medical advances, there still no specific approach managing ideal injuries prevent them initially. best next step minimize damage antidotes or hyaluronidase. Using saline remove solution physically can be useful. Thus, more needed address